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Understanding Total Float vs. Free Float in CPM Scheduling

Learn the difference between Total Float and Free Float and how to use them to understand schedule flexibility in Planera.

Updated yesterday

Latest Update: 1-15-2026

Float shows how much an activity can move without causing impacts in the schedule. In Planera, there are two types of float:

  • Total Float – how much an activity can slip before the project finish date is affected

  • Free Float – how much an activity can slip before it affects the driving successor

Understanding the difference helps you:

  • Spot schedule risk earlier

  • Avoid unintentionally delaying downstream work

  • Make informed decisions on what work to prioritize


What Is Float?

Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without negatively impacting it’s successor or the end date of the project.

Float is calculated automatically by the schedule based on:

  • Activity logic (predecessors and successors)

  • Activity durations

  • The project start and finish dates


Understanding Total Float

Total Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project’s final completion date.

Think of Total Float as:

“How much can this activity slip before the whole project is late?”

What Total Float Tells You

  • Activities with 0 days or less of Total Float are on the critical path

  • Activities with positive Total Float have some flexibility

  • Activities with negative Total Float mean the schedule is already behind a target or constraint

Why Total Float Matters

Total Float helps you understand:

  • Which activities are driving the project finish date

  • Where the biggest schedule risks are

  • Which delays truly threaten the overall project


Understanding Free Float

Free Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the next activity in the schedule.

Think of Free Float as:

“How much can this slip before it causes problems for the next crew?”

Why Free Float Is Different

An activity can have Total Float, but No Free Float

This means:

  • The activity won’t delay the project finish

  • But it will delay the driving successor

Why Free Float Matters

Free Float is especially useful for:

  • Weekly and short-term planning

  • Understanding handoffs between crews or phases

  • Avoiding surprises in near-term work

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